Examining the Library, One Book at a Time!

Approximately 18 months ago, Sara Dockery, Library and Archives Supervisor, asked me if I was interested in taking over a data entry project that former volunteer Bob Porter had started. I agreed thinking that it would be steady work for a while. I just didn't realize how steady.  A year and half later, I'm still working on it two days a week. However, I'm close to completing the project since I'm on the last aisle of books..... hurray!

My project is to review and add useful information to the book catalog records located in the library catalog. I'm doing this for all the books in the library, one shelf at time. There are over 8500 catalog records representing nearly 16,000 books! When people are searching online for a particular book, the record is what they see.

 More specifically, what I do is place a shelf of books on a cart and take them to a work area with a computer and a scanner. I take a book off the cart and find the 5 digit bar code number at the back of the book. I open the catalog on the computer, go to the catalog record section, and type in the bar code number.  The record for the book then appears. This contains detailed information about the book. If the book has an ISBN (International Standard Book Number), I check to see if it is on the record, and if not, I add it. The record should also contain a small picture of the cover of the book (unless the cover is blank). If this is missing, I scan the book cover and add it to the record. If the book has a relatively short table of contents and/or index, I scan these as well and add them to the bottom of the record.

Most records contain at least two copies of a book. One copy is the LARC copy (library) and the other is the lending copy. In many cases, there are multiple lending copies each with a small piece of red tape on it to designate it as a lending copy. I make sure that each book is properly labeled as LARC or lending in the record.  As a last step, I add the book's bar code number to a word document that lists all of the books that I have scanned to date. I then repeat this process for each book on my cart, re-shelf the books, and move to the next shelf to refill the cart.

Working on this project has allowed me to closely examine the museum's extraordinary horological book collection.  Whether it is used for research or pleasure reading, the number and quality of books in this collection, including many in foreign languages, is truly amazing!

Terry Buckwalter
National Watch & Clock Museum, Library & Research Center Volunteer
 

Step-by-Step: The Wristwatch Exhibit Takes Shape

Step-by-step we move the exhibition forward. That said, not every step is forward. For me it’s a learning process and sometimes my pre-thought ideas just are not working out as I had anticipated, so again and again I revisit the display.

Tuesday, previous to last, I started to move timepieces to the gallery location. I carefully laid each timepiece out, many with original adverts or related ephemera. That took some two days just to position the pieces.

Although in my opinion it looked “good”, I felt something was not correct. Too cramped possibly? I could not see a good solution, so I kept re-visiting the layout, fine tuning it, but could still not see a solution. Museum Director Noel Poirier and I had a meeting at the display to review how it looked. After some fifteen to twenty minutes, I could understand where I was going wrong. That day, based on Noel’s (and others’ input) I reworked the display cases. Although these may not be the final pieces or even the final layout, I am much happier and feel “It may not be the beginning of the end, but it is the end of the beginning.”

Adam R Harris
National Watch & Clock Museum Gallet Guest Curator of Wristwatches

Here are some images of the progress thus far:

The first display case starts at c. 1900 (wristlet/first ladies wristwatches) to WWI.

Next we have a small case for hermetic or so called “purse” watches.

We come to “The Roaring 20s” and 1930s ‘Formed Watches/Transitional Period’– My first ideas on graphical illustration can be seen her.  These are VERY draft, and will be high definition “collage” style graphic ABOVE the date line.

Next Cabinet – very important – “Birth of Automatic” – you can see here my graphic ideas in the raw, VERY raw!

Here I am ‘trying to show difference between “bumper” and “rotor” automatic movements.

Next case is 1940s & 1950s – Complications Arrive and “The Quartz Revolution”

Displaying the “electric” watch that evolved prior to quartz (late 1950s versus quartz 1980s). Will use graphics to explain difference between quartz and electric.

This may prove the hardest.  I want to show the evolution of the wristwatch movement from mechanical to bumper, to rotor, to electric, to quartz, to kinetic. Difficult this one.

Final display case is for modern pieces – size is everything – Hoping to emphasize Moon watch as well.

New Wristwatch Exhibit Update: Making Progress

As far as is known, humans first began to measure time between the 10th and 8th century before the birth of Christ.  The now 24 hours split themselves into three natural divisions; from dawn till noon (the highest point of the sun), from noon till dusk and the hours of darkness. So our clock of those days, some 2020 years ago, used the sun as its time measurement; in fact a sundial.  This dial, the earliest of which we have evidence is Egyptian, now in the Berlin museum, dates to approximately the 9th century B.C. If we accept that the pocket watch reached the ‘mass market’ in 1840, we see that it took mechanical timepieces as we accept today some 1,800 years to develop.

My goal is to clearly present ‘The History of the Wristwatch’ from its inception in 1900 to present time 2013. I want to depict that although it took some 1,800 years to develop from a sundial to the mass produced and accepted pocket watch, it only took some (albeit difficult periods) 90 years for the wristwatch to overtake the pocket watch and become the accepted timepiece by 1930.

My idea is to show a small sundial, then 1800 years to a pocket watch, then 90 years to the acceptance of the wristwatch (a Rolex Oyster).

Preliminary layout has begun.

Periods Covered by the exhibit will include:

1900 – Beginning of the Wristwatch
Starting with the 1899-1902 Boer War we see officers wearing “wristlets”, leather bands that held pocket watches.  We also have earlier evidence that the future President Theodore Roosevelt, who in 1898 fought in Cuba against Spain, also wore these wristlets.  Yet after that military campaign, while Roosevelt was campaigning to be the 25th President, he is quoted as saying “a wristwatch is for a cowboy, hunter or soldier.  But NOT for a politician or President.”

1910-1920 –  “Trench Watches” or WWI
Here I will show examples of early wristwatches with wire lugs, enamel dial, shrapnel guards, center sweep seconds, etc. I will support this graphically with ephemera of USA WWI soldiers (so called “Doughboys”) – I have a number of great photographs and newspaper articles to include in the exhibit.

Also from 1910-20 we have the “Hermetic” watches period.
Starting with Borgel Cases (1910), through the Gruen/Jean Finger cases 1918/21 to the famous and ‘final’ Rolex “Oyster.” The Museum has an outstanding Elgin 1916 Depollier cases WWI trench watch, in addition to a lovely Rolex with sealed case and shrapnel guard.
I need other hermetics based on Jean Finger Design or 2nd generation Borgel. I will support this graphically with ephemera like the 1919 Gruen advertisement showing the Jean Finger 'style' hermetic case - but unless I donate a piece the Museum does not have one.

1930 – Beginning of the Automatic.
Automatics, of course we start with a Harwood (I will probably use two to show both face and movement); the Museum also has a 1932 Frey Perpetual. More modern, I know we have a Jaeger-Le Coultre and Breitling. Main aim here will be to show early automatic, “bumper” movement, “rotary” movement, “micro” rotor – “bidynator.”

Also 1930s – Art Deco Period Roaring 20s and 30s 
I want to show the fantastic 'formed' watches of the 1920s/1930s - Those fantastic Art Deco pieces (I remember a lovely Gallet ladies piece).  There is also a fantastic Art Deco 'exploding numbers dial' I must use. The Museum has a number of great examples from Gruen as well.

1940s/50 - 'Multi-Complication' timepieces.
We have a number of pieces including Gallet, Benrus, Mido and Movado. The best piece I will use of the Museum’s is a Comor Index Mobile - Rattrapante!  It’s fantastic! These will cover 40s/50s/60s and 70s

1980s – The Demise of the Swiss and the Americans and the Development of the Quartz.
Museum has examples from Hamilton, Elgin, Gruen and others, not sure (from memory) what Swiss manufacturers’ quartz they have – hopefully a Rolex Cellin. I will depict that the Swiss and the Americans competed in the analogue quartz arena.  Actually quartz survived, where the Americans and Swiss got it wrong is they believed in ‘digital’ wristwatches – that failed!  Quartz survived. In 2012 a total of 995 million wristwatches were produced; 78% quartz analog, 19% digital, and a fraction 3% mechanical.
And out of that 995 million pieces – Japan produced 590 million of them. So we must show Japanese timepieces like Seiko, Casio and Citizen – will Hamilton help? In 2012 the Swiss produced just under 7 million units or 0.70%, but in value was number one at $23 billion! As Mr. Hayek, Senior once said “It is easier to sell one watch at $1million, than sell 1 million pieces at a dollar.”

1990 to 2012 - Size Matters
Showing here modern (mainly quartz) pieces and the explosion in size compared to watches from 1910s and 1920s. We have some cool modern pieces from Hamilton, Citizen, Yes and others.

2013 – Being Donated by Swatch Group
SWATCH – System 51.  First mechanical Automatic from SWATCH – 51 pcs.  Price $150

Adam R Harris
National Watch & Clock Museum Gallet Guest Curator of Wristwatches

Googling the Museum via the Google Art Project

“Can you imagine using Google Street View to walk through the museum?” That question from Noel Poirier began my involvement in the Google Cultural Institute project at the National Watch and Clock Museum. Noel, the museum’s director, explained that Google will create a virtual walk-through of the museum using the same technology as Street View. The first requirement, however, was the creation of an online gallery of objects from the museum’s collection. Being both excited by the audience and exposure that Google brings, and proud of the museum for being chosen to participate, I volunteered to work on this project.

The Google Art Project brings together hundreds of collections.

The work involved selecting objects for the online gallery and then entering information about them on the Google site. The basic information about each object was found using the museum’s online catalog Search.  This was simply a cut and paste job for such items as the date of the object, where it was made, its maker, and so on. Describing the object was the most difficult and time consuming. Starting with the museum catalog description, I wanted to make mine shorter and to eliminate most technical information such as number of jewels, type of escapement, etc.  A link from the Google site allows the visitor to access the museum catalog entry if they want more information. And that’s what I am hoping they will do; it just might keep them exploring our website. I had fun using the random image button on the search site and chose several objects that are not currently on exhibit in the museum.

The "back-end" of the project that allows entry of objects.

The project is very exciting and multifaceted. Already, there are new tools Google wants to try out and a need to re-photograph some of the objects.  I hope to continue working on this project; I’ll try to keep you posted on its progress.

Al Dodson

Museum Volunteer & NAWCC Workshop Instructor

New Wristwatch Display Efforts Have Begun: Gallet Guest Curator of Wristwatches

The National Watch & Clock Museum is happy to welcome back Adam Harris in the role of Gallet Guest Curator of Wristwatches. Utilizing watches in the Museum collection, Adam will be developing and installing a new Museum display on the history of the wristwatch. Thanks to Gallet Watch for supporting the Museum's efforts.

Well after a 25 hour journey starting Alicante Spain via Boston to New York, I arrived Friday at the National Watch & Clock Museum. On Saturday I decided to do some research in the Museum’s magnificent Library. For anyone interested in horology, this is the place to look. You don't necessarily have to visit the Museum and Library to use its magnificent archives, much is online with more being added all the time. You can call in and ask the Library staff (Sarah and Nancy) to look for any info you require. NAWCC members receive this service free and for non-members there is just a small charge which is used to buy books, etc.

This time, I wanted to look/study adverts on wristwatches for the exhibition/display I am tasked in setting up. I did check these out last year but recently Nancy Dyer, Library Archivist, has been purchasing and donating many more. I was both amazed and very happy to find two amazing adverts, one from 1908 on a watch worn by Peary on his expedition to the Pole on July 17th 1908. You will be blown away by this two page advert that I will blog separately. The second 'amazing' find was an Elgin advert from 1913 with Louis Disbrow (1876–1939). Disbrow was an American racecar driver, born on September 23, 1876 in Chicago. Disbrow raced in the first four Indianapolis 500, with a best finish of 8th in 1913. The advert (attached) shows him in his racing car wearing his Elgin wristwatch on his RIGHT ARM! The advert states "The Watch for Live Active Men!"  Remember that Elgin were at the forefront of trying to convince men to wear wristwatches. 1913 is the earliest American wristwatch advert I have ever seen!

The Disbrow-Elgin Advertisement from 1913.

Monday being the Labor Day Holiday, I officially started my position and task on Tuesday 3rd September. First order of the day was signing the Volunteer Agreement - then I could officially start. I logged into the Museum's cataloging database (Past Perfect), searched and listed all wristwatches (a total of 1372 objects) that I had photographed and described last year.  Here it is printed on 175 double sided pages. I have already started to mark it up with the most possible candidates for the display!  This will take up my first few days, studying and selecting possible candidate wristwatches. Not all will make it into the display - fine tuning will take more time and input from Museum Director Noel Poirier and Head Curator Carter Harris. In addition to the pieces I remembered as candidates, I was mighty pleased to have already found some other great pieces that had escaped my memory.

The work of selecting objects starts with the collection records.

We have an excellent large area for the display with three good walls for graphics (see attached)

The exhibit's "blank-slate"

So the 'task' is started!

Adam R Harris
National Watch & Clock Museum Gallet Guest Curator of Wristwatches

All Done! Internship at an End.

This final week of my internship, the Make and Take rebounded to have 12 people come and make clocks. Three of these people chose to make flip flop clocks while the other nine made CD clocks. Unfortunately, my volunteer was away this week so I was not able to say a proper goodbye to her. In addition to working on the Make and Take, I copied one final slideshow, finished typing the list of clockmakers. My favorite person that I put in was Vermunt, Gérard (d. 1764) became a master before 1767.  On Tuesday, Katie, another volunteer Sue, and I went to the National Night Out in Columbia. We had children come up and Test Their Time Telling Talents. The prize was a bag of pretzels. Even if the children were unable to match the time together, they still received a bag of pretzels.
 

Attending Columbia's National Night Out.

In the library, I worked on typing up the Theodore Crom information into a finding aid and then into the Past Perfect system. I had to go back through seven boxes in order to find dates to finish the information.

I had a great time during my internship. The staff was wonderful and I had some wonderful experiences. Words could not express how much I enjoyed getting to know them all and how kindly they treated me. I appreciate the opportunity to be able to spend a summer getting to know them all and being able to be a part of the National Watch and Clock Museum.

Sarah, Penn State University
Museum Intern

A Busy Week in Museum Education

This week during the Make and Take was much more successful than last week. With around seven participants, my volunteer, her friend, and I were kept busy. In addition to the Make and Take, we worked on tracing cuckoo clocks on foam for an outreach program taking place on August 1st. I had to go to the local craft store in order to get more foam sheets. I also worked on copying more slideshows to create jpegs images for the conversion of the slideshows to a more useful format. The staff was kind enough to have an intern "thank you lunch" for us. The food was delicacy.

We're converting our long-list of slide programs into more web--friendly formats.

In the Library, I continued to work on the Theodore Crom collection. I was able to get through Box 14 and 15. It was interesting to see all the people that Crom knew including James Gibbs. Sara showed me the oldest book in the library’s collection. The book was so interesting to see and touch. It is not every day someone gets to hold a book that is over 400 years old!

Sarah, Penn State University
Museum Intern

Shadows That Tell Time: The Christopher St. J.H. Daniel Archive Collection

The NAWCC Library and Research Center at the National Watch & Clock Museum recently received an amazing gift – seventy 9" x 11" boxes, plus additional negatives, books, and journals that comprise the collection of Christopher St. J. H. Daniel, an expert on sundials and their design. It is my welcome task to help organize and describe these items, in order to make them more accessible to researchers interested in this fascinating topic.

After an initial career at sea, Mr. Daniel joined the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich in 1964 where his curatorial duties led him to the study of gnomonics, or the art of dialing. Early on he advised others on the general principles of sundials and the proper measurements and markings required. Soon he was designing them, including the Dolphin Equinoctial Mean-Time Sundial at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, which honored the Silver Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II in 1977. The tails of two dolphins, sculpted by Edwin Russell of Brookbrae Limited of London, cast the shadows that tell the time.

Dolphin Equinoctial Mean-Time Sundial at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich

In 1986, Daniel left the museum to pursue his career as a sundial designer. His story unfolds, not in narrative text, but with the opening of each box, and with the original photographs, sketches, and correspondence that lie inside. An exact scientist and careful observer, Daniel organized his collection so that each item provides context to the sundials he designed. His notes for a 1968 sundial at Sturry in Kent discuss Britain’s intent to enter the “Common Market,” requiring “the new time arrangement . . . known as British Standard Time.” Letters from the surveyor of Westminster Abbey, regarding Daniel’s 1982 work on the vertical sundials of St. Margaret’s Church, caution not to obstruct the view of the bell-ringers, who must look out the windows to check the time.

Mr. Daniel's Sketch of his design for the Dolphin Equinoctial Mean-Time Sundial

For now, we're observing the archival principle of original order, maintaining Daniel’s arrangement in order to preserve the context it conveys. The contents of each box will be described in summary, and each item will eventually be numbered. Science, history, art, and the work of a lifetime – they’re all represented in the Daniel collection. I look forward to opening more boxes.

Lynn Schuessler
NAWCC Library and Research Center Volunteer

Outreach: Chinese New Year Program

This week Katie, two volunteers, and I went to Hempfield Recreation Center to work with children from kindergarten through sixth grade discussing Chinese New Year. The children created their own dragon masks and took part in a dragon dance. Each child who wanted to wear the dragon head was given a chance. The older children created a water clock. Unfortunately, the sweltering weather of the day did make the event slightly more difficult. The Make and Take Event was not as successful as the past couple of weeks with only one child coming to the event. Since I was at the Rec Center during most of the event time, my volunteer took care of the Make and Take. In addition, I copied one more slideshow, proofread over the manuscript one more time, and pinned some new clocks to Pinterest.

Child wearing a Chinese dragon head costume.

In the library, I typed up James Gibbs Collection paperwork.  I then began to work on the Theodore Crom collection.  One of the other interns had began to work on the collection, but has left so I am trying to finish the work.

Sarah, Penn State University

Museum Intern

Time Travel Trunks and Other Educational Forays

The Make and Take event this week saw another rise in participants. My volunteer and I had over a dozen people come to make clocks. Although most people chose to make CD clocks (normally the clock of choice), we did have more people come make flip flop clocks. This Monday we should have more choices in flip flop colors so hopefully more people will continue to make flip flop clocks. Even before the Make and Take, a local KinderCare group came into the Museum to make their own CD clocks and take a tour of the Museum. We were expecting 20 children, but instead had 23 children. In addition to the Make and Takes, I helped to organize a travel trunk that will be used this Monday at a local camp. The theme is Chinese New Year. To help get the trunk ready, I poked holes in yogurt containers. The yogurt containers are used for water clocks. The yogurt container with two holes in the bottom is taped to the top of a stick (a painter stir sticks is what we are going to use) and clear plastic cup is attached to the bottom of the stick. By using a stopwatch, you can time how much water goes in the cup every fifteen seconds (or whatever amount of time you want to use). I also finished cutting strips of paper to be used for dragon masks and marked five centimeters of plastic cups for the younger group of children at the camp.

One of the Museum's Time Travel Trunks

In the library, I finally finished going through and writing numbers of the back of the James Gibbs Collection. It seems strange to finally have finished going through all of the papers. Now I am working on the Christopher Daniel Collection. Christopher Daniel designed many sundials including Queen Victoria’s Silver Jubilee Dolphin Sundial. I was able to finish Box 1 and start Box 2 of 7.

Sarah, Penn State University
Museum Intern